Friday, July 04, 2008

Datca, Turkey to Rhodes, Greece


The Isle of Rhodes


This morning we sailed from Datca, Turkey to the Island of Rhodes in Greece. It was a one hour boat ride across the sea.

This very minute I am sitting with Keelin at the cafe our hotel owner has outside the hotel. We are talking to him about the ruins of Greece...and he is expressing his anger and sadness that Turkey is not still part of Greece ("the part, not the east...that's the Kurds and others.").

I just asked him if other Greeks feel the same way. "No. Many are much more angry about this."


The castle of the Knights of Malta in Rhodes

It's nice to be back in Greece, after 26 years. Rhodes itself seems very European and Cosmopolitan, compared to mich of Turkey at least. In fact, Keelin and I are celebrating our return this afternoon (it's 5:30) with a glass of Retsina in the garden of our hotel. We were half our age when we came here last( a pre-honeymoon of sorts).

One thing that has definitely changed in Turkey is the money and the prices. When we were here in 1982, it was very very cheap. The currency was then based on the Greek drachma. They now use the Euro, and you can just imagine how the dollar is faring against the Euro. (a Euro is now worth about $1.60). More sticker shock. Since we got up at five AM, I spent much of the afternoon napping, and recovering from a touch of what you might call the Sultan's Revenge).

In case you're wondering about the Colossus of Rhodes (one of the "seven wonders of the world")...don't bother. Yes, this is where one of those seventh wonders was, but it no longer exists. It was destroyed in an earthquake fifty-four years after it was built. (According to the Wikipedia: "Media reports in 1989 initially suggested that large stones found on the seabed off the coast of Rhodes might have been the remains of the Colossus; however this theory was later shown to be without merit.

Another theory published in an article in 2008 by Ursula Vedder suggests that the Colossus was never in the port, but rather on a hill named Monte Smith, which overlooks the port area. The temple on top of Monte Smith has traditionally thought to have been devoted to Apollo, but according to Vedder, it would have been a Helios sanctuary. The enormous stone foundations at the temple site, the function of which is not definitively known by modern scholars, are proposed by Vedder to have been the supporting platform of the Colossus."
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Thursday, July 03, 2008

Mareymane - The Virgin Mary’s House???


click to enlarge and read the story behind Mary's house

As you know by now, most ruins, sites, and museums charge around 10 YTL (or, as I call them yurtles), or, $8 USD for admission, and sometimes an additional $8 USD or $2 or $4, for a special extra admission (like the incredible dwelling excavations at Ephesus). And likewise, the admission to visit the Virgin Mary’s last purported domicile, outside of the town of Selcuk was a stiff ten yurtles.

The place was packed with Catholic faithful (the Pope also visited recently), kneeling and making the sign of the cross. It was a small stone house, and entirely unremarkable. The evidence, as you will see from the informational sign, was shaky at best. After four minutes, you’ve seen everything there is to see.

Mareymane is where St. John the Evangelist brought Mary to care for her. On the cross, Jesus requested his favorite disciple to care for her. It was in this part of Asia Minor that John was charged with establishing churches and spreading the gospel of his friend and savior.


According to legend, after Jesus was assassinated, John never left Mary, and took care of her until her dying days, as he wrote his letters, his Revelations, and his Gospel.

A highlight of the visit to Mary’s was filling our bottles with real spring water at a source. It was the first time we’ve drunk much tap water since arriving in Turkey. It was also the first museum-ruin-site where I felt like we had been fleeced!
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The Food In Turkey ( a very subjective take)


Turkish breakfast




The Turks claims this is one of the six countries in the world that is food self-sufficient. They grow everything they eat and drink. At least that’s what they claim. I’m not so sure about the Coca Cola (or the just as good and half the price Turka Cola). I don’t know who the other five countries are, but I wouldn’t be surprised if one is Mexico.

On the whole, Turkish food is serviceable. I’ve never had bad food here, but then again, I’ve never had great food. In general the quality level doesn’t vary much. And there are roughly 12 dishes that you see everywhere, and they rarely have many local or creative twists.

The number one snack food on the street is grilled corn, which somehow came here from the new world and became a local favorite. Istanbul in particular has hundreds of grilled corn carts, but I saw it in most other cities as well. You also see carts selling incredible tasting almonds and pistachios.

The soups, both lentil-based and tomato based ones are very subtly spiced (usually no or little garlic and almost never spicy). They are almost always good. There is also a nice vermicelli soup in a tomato base, with oregano and mint.

Fresh squeezed orange juice is everywhere, and it’s cheap ($1 or $2 USD)and great. They also have excellent cherry, apricot, peach, and pomegranate juices.


Lahmacun, a respectable Turkish version of pizza

You see lime trees everywhere, and I’ve seen them in vegetable stalls a few times, but they are mostly ignored in favor of lemons. However, the most common form of lemon is bottled lemon juice, which is like bottled lemon juice everywhere…that is, pathetic. I think my time in Mexico has left me far preferring lime to lemon. Additionally, the fresh lemons never seem vibrant here, but always seem a little tired, like the peppers.

Mezes – Usually cold starters that include spreads, dolmades, and other nibbles. They are almost strictly vegetarian, and would be a good option for our veggie pals, and most of it would even work for more extreme vegan-Taliban.

You would have to work extremely hard here to maintain a gluten-free diet. The salads and soups would probably be safe, as would sis kebap. You could eat the pilaf, but sometimes, they have broken pieces of vermicelli in it, which would not work for celiacs. There are a lot of fruits and vegetables and meats, so you could piece something together, but it would not be easy.


Rice Pilaf. This is a much beloved food, but, alas, I find it pretty subpar and almost always far too oily. Of course, I have much the same complaint about restaurant risotto, and restaurant paella too.

Pizza. They have their own take on pizza (pide) — one comes with cheese, and the other with minced lamb, with a few other variations. The crusts are baked in a wood fired oven, and are excellent. You get a small pizza (enough for one person) for around $2.75 US.

Tea, or Çay (pr: chai). The number one beverage. Çay is served in delicate, small fluted glasses, usually with a couple lumps of sugar and a tiny spoon on the saucer. It’s very good tea. They also serve (but don’t drink themselves) a very tasty apple tea. One turk told me he drinks dozens of glasses of Çay a day.

Turkish Coffee – Is a suspension of water, coffee grounds and sugar. I used to drink it many years ago, at Greek restaurants, but I don’t have the heart for it anymore. When you finish, there is about an inch of sludge in the demitasse cup. People will read your fortune in it, like they do in tea leaves in the western world. Some places have espresso, which I’ve avoided. I don’t think I’ve seen a Starbucks here. I’ve been making do with one cup of the ubiquitous and execrable Nescafe, and am almost decaffeinated. Now I just have to quit drinking Turka Cola light.

Sis kebap, or Shish Kabob. Usually lamb. It is never bad, and is often very good. The marinated lamb (or chicken) is cooked over charcoal, and often served with eggplant, roasted tomatoes, and other vegetables.

Doner – Like the Gyro often served in America, but better because they don't put too much meat on. Lamb or chicken is cooked on a vertical rotisserie and as the meat chars a carver slices off thin slices for your sandwich. It is served on something like a Pita (Pide), but much better, with usually tomatoes, a little onion (never enough) and a touch of sauce (tomato or yoghurt based). These are great, ubiquitous, cheap, and pretty clean (e.g. very little oil).

YoghurtYoghurt here is great, and comes in many varieties. In fact, at the grocery store, the yoghurt choices are mind-bending. The yoghurt section is an emormous aisle and very little distinguishes the dozens of varieties to the non-Turkish reader. So far our random selections have all been good.

Turkish Breakfast – This meal often gets you through from 9 AM to 6 PM. The basics include some fruit (apricots, or oranges); sometimes a feta-like cheese, and another local mild cheese; at least two kinds of olives—oil cured black ones, or brine-cured green olives; baskets of the good and ubiquitous French bread; cherry and strawberry jams; margarine or butter; Çay (Tea) or Nescafe (powdered instant coffee with milk); often an omelet or a boiled egg; and sometimes yoghurt. Breakfast was always good. A bagel like bread was often served too, almost always with sesame seeds baked into the crust. It is my favorite bread.

Shepherd’s salad – usually tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, parsley and olive oil. They give you wedges of lemon to season it, salt and pepper, and bread. Honestly, it’s kind of a feeble Greek Salad a/k/a Choriotiki

Eggs – Eggs are very similar to those in Mexico…extremely fresh, with bright orange yolks. They come ten to a carton. A dozen is not a frame of reference here.

Drink – Some of the local wines are very good. Interestingly, alcohol is taxed at the grocery store at 18%. Efes Pilsner, a local brew is very good. Three or four other beers are available: Carling, Miller High Life, and two more local beers. Raki, an anisette beverage is fiery, and pretty good if you have just one or two. Foreign liquor goes for $40 to $80 a bottle, but locally made vodka (votka), gin, and raki is reasonable. The local version of diet Coke is very good (Turka Cola) and half the price of the American stuff.


Wines made in this region are reasonable (10-15 USD), and pretty good, but you also see really mediocre wines from elsewhere, like Yellowtail from Australia, selling for $40. A bottle of French wine we buy in the US for around $15 goes for $60. In short, stick with the local wines, liquors, and beers, or just drink Çay.

The local "French" bread is very good, and they serve it at breakfast, lunch and dinner. It goes for an incredibly cheap seventy-five cents at the bakery...still warm.

The two times we’ve had a kitchen in an apartment, I have gone to the grocery store and cooked dinners (like I do in Mexico). Shopping in a Turkish grocery store is like being on drugs …you aren’t even sure what about half the goods are and the labels and pictures don’t often tell you what is inside. A package of Oregano may have a picture of a monkey and it is ground more like we grind thyme (when you can even see the packet’s contents). As always, vegetables are the easiest to buy, since they’re not packaged. I can tell when they are ripe, old, expensive, etc. Meat is tricky—the cuts are far different than ours, although they treat chicken exactly the same as we do. I could usually tell what I was looking for by the texture. Cheese was a total crap shoot—we locked onto one we liked and stuck with that.


Fruit was like fruit anywhere, and the best here seem to be cherries and apricots and oranges, and, of course, watermelons, which Turks love. Every day you see dozens of trucks hauling in watermelon and a large percentage of people you see on the street are carrying one home. It is a frequent desert.

They love baked potatoes here. The potatoes are basically Russets, and they serve them with all sorts of toppings. Yoghurt, of course, and various dips and spreads, and chicken, and olives, and salt and pepper.

Although most of the vegetables are excellent, the peppers are always a bit tired. And don’t try to buy just one banana or head of garlic! You take the whole stalk, or nothing, and if you break the rules, you get a good-natured scolding.

I was cooking dinner last night (sis kebap, Greek salad, and tortilla Espagnole) and I had Del run to a store to buy salt. He had to draw a picture of a table with diners and a salt shaker. Finally someone in the store said “[in Turkish] Oh, he wants saray tuz!” When Claire went to buy feta the first time, we ended up with goat cream cheese. Two times I ended up with buttermilk when trying to buy sweet milk. It’s always an adventure…
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Wednesday, July 02, 2008

Turkey in Ruins



By Keelin Curran
All This Is That History and Archeology Editor






Turkey is in ruins, and fully alive at the same time. I love ruins, and did not fully realize when we selected this destination for our trip exactly how much in heaven I would be here tramping around the churches, columns and caves.


A salvaged frieze from the Temple of Afrodesias


Aphrodite (aka Venus) herself, from the Afrodesia Musem of statuary, friezes, etc. Click to enlarge.

In college, one of my sidelines was Greek archeology. I even took a few semesters of Ancient Greek. On one of our earlier trips to Greece, I tracked down a just-discovered (1979) Minoan temple site destroyed by an earthquake in 18th century BC—Anemospilia—see http://www.uk.digiserve.com/mentor/minoan/anemospilia.htm based on the xeroxed information my professor at Hunter College (whose name I don’t recall, but who was an acolyte of renowned Greek archeologist Emily Vermeule) had handed out to the class.


The gate to the Temple of Aphrodite. Click to enlarge.


A close-up of the gates. Click to enlarge.


I travelled by bus, and tramped around the hills near Iraklion to find it. It was not much—just three rooms you could imagine based on the stone foundations, but they had done sacrifices there that brought the place to life—and death--as this passage describes:


Del Brummet ponders a statue of a philosopher in the excellent Afrodesias Museum. Click to enlarge.

“The west room is, in many ways, the most interesting. . . . [t]his room was used for blood sacrifices. Uniquely in Crete, three skeletons were found in the room. Two of these people, a man and a woman, had been killed by the earthquake and resulting fire. Another male skeleton was also found in the room. This body was found lying on an altar. A knife was resting on the skeleton. The feet had been tied and it has been argued that the young man had been sacrificed and the blood drained from his body. If so, it might well have been his blood in the vessel found in the antechamber next to the skeleton. It is most likely that the normal victims of sacrifice would have been bulls, but in the face of seismic activity which threatened the whole community, it may have been considered necessary to make a human sacrifice.”


Colum Brummet emerges from the gladiator's tunnel at the vast 30,000 seat stadium at Afrodessia. Click to enlarge.

This is about as dramatic as it gets
in the ruins world, but well illustrates the open-ended speculation (along with tolerance for sifting and digging) required to do this work.


The 30,000 seat stadium & gladaiatorial venue at Afrodesia.

Anyway, since that 1982 trip
to Anemospilia, I haven’t been able to indulge my ruins interest until the last few weeks. The family has been most accommodating in patiently going along on trips to see Agia Sofia in Istanbul, (not a ruin, an amazing, living space from 6th C BC but still a lasagna of one culture on top of another, as ruins often are), the cave dwellings and churches of Goreme, and more recently, the ruins riot that is Ephesus, and most dreamily, the ruins of Afrodisias.

I barely know where to start in talking about these experiences. Goreme and Cappadocia were the most mysterious and humbling. These cave refuges of troglodytes and early Christians were often built at great heights above the current ground level—or far below ground. How did they get up there? How did they tolerate long seasons underground? You have a sense about how scared these people must have been, much of the time, threatened by Hittites and Romans et al. The spaces are so small. They would have known everything about each other—a contrast from our life of screens and large dwellings. And the simple, repetitive and sometimes beautiful scenes of the life of Christ in these churches give one the sense of how much reinforcement is necessary to start a religion from the ground up.


Jack in the Bouletarian theatre that served as the ruling council's meeting place as well as a theatre and performance space.

Then, Ephesus and Afrodisias.
These two cities give a living sense of Roman life, in its beauty and brutality. The museum near Ephesus had a riveting exhibit on gladiator culture in ancient Rome, complete with an analysis of the wounds suffered by gladiators based on the skeletal evidence. This culture existed among the beautiful marble buildings and statues; blood and circuses and Ridley Scott/Russell Crowe. Yet you can not help but compare the artistry born of imperial ego, politics, wealth and will in these urban spaces with those we inhabit and find our world poverty-stricken in comparison.

At Afrodisias, up until the last few decades, the town of Gehre was built right on top of Afrodisias. Townspeople built there modest houses braced by the bottoms of roman columns, and crushed their grapes in roman baths. The Temple of Aphrodite, unreconstructed, was a field for their livestock. Seeing the pictures of Gehre (since moved a few kilometers, sadly, to allow the excavation) gives one the sense of how we are just the latest layer in this earth lasagna.

Okay, I will stop. Thanks to you All This Is That readers for indulging me in this Turkey travelogue. We have more ruins to go, so life is very, very good for that reason and all the others that make travel so great.
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Monday, June 30, 2008

Poem: Moslems vs. Nazarenes vs. Pagans

1.
Moslem shepherds steal ınto the strange caves wıth paintıngs
And scratch the eyes out and throw stones at the heads
of figures on the frescoes.

2.
The Crusades.

3.
The Christians charge in
And carve crosses into the foreheads
Of fallen statues in the Roman ruins

Like somehow that will make up for
Whatever they did or didn't belıeve

4.
A lot of us don't belıeve this
But they were all people just like you and me.
And ın some strange way
They were just all tryıng to save each other.
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Pıgeon Valley ın the Goreme


click to zoom in on Pigeon Valley

Our last trip in the Goreme was to Pigeon Valley. The views were incredible, and the shops pathetic. I mention the shops, because this was perhaps the one time our driver stopped by a site where he might have been im cahoots with the merchants. We were, as always, stalwart ın our defenses against The Merch. The offerings were the usual, and as always iın Turkey, they were not overly aggressive. We came for the views and that's all we took away with us. Selah.

İt was a great road trıp, but in retrospect, having had a car a few days ın Selcuk and Efes, we're pretty good at operating our own tours. But our driver dıd cap it off by giving us a watermelon feast iın a meadow across from the caravanserai.


click to enlarge

Our driver was a good guy, and we all liked hıs grandson Abdullah... Anyhow, I am still a litle out of order here. . .İ have yet to write about our day ın Ankara, the plane flight to Selcuk, or even the really fascinatıng bus rıde from Ankara (thumbs up to Turkish Aır!). And I stıll need to write about Ephesus. And my essay on Turkish cuisine. And our Pensione owner ın Goreme. And, after today, our visit to St. John The Baptist's basilica, and Ephesus, of course, not to mention the fantastic Ephesus Museum.

Colum, our driver, Abdullah, and Del - click to enlarge

We didn't learn much about this valley, but there are hundreds of dwellings carved from the tufa hillsides, as well as a lot of stone and masonry houses constructed as infill (real estate name drop).
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Ephesus: my favorite ruins of all time


The Theatre at Ephesus - clıck to enlarge
İ'll write about this more, when I get 'net access and some free time again,m but Ephesus ıs by far the most impressive ruins I have ever seen ın Europe or Asıa. Here ıs one quick photograph of the theatre. It held 25,000 people. It stıll does. We were hoping to be able to catch a performance there (can you ımagine how cool ıt would be to see a play a play by Sophocles Aeschylus there?).
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A vısıt to a Caravanseari


The gate to Hoca Meset Caravanserai

Yesterday (or maybe the day before?...we've since been to Ankara and Ephesus...dıd ıt even really happen iıf I couldn't get wiıred up to write about ıt?) we vısıted The Hoca Meset Caravanseri ın the Goreme. Caravanseris were a sort of hotel/way station for camel caravans that brought goods back and forth along the Aksaray Layseri highway. It had numerous spacious stalls, both open and closed, for use in the summer and winter. There were rooms for camels and rooms for the men. As hot as it is here (ın the 90's), it is hard to believe there is ever really a winter...but there is, and it gets cold...similar to the extremes of clımate in the eastern part of Washington State, or the middle-west. Interestingly, as we took the bus here, when the mountains receded iınto the distance, the landscape very closely resembled the rolling plains of the midwest, say like Iowa or Kansas. But just when I thought that more mountains would appear, or once, a gigantıc salt lake (or possibly an inland sea).

The Caravanseris looked very castle-like, and had domes, and elaborately carved gates, as well as to turrets. Although we were told they were just basic stopping places for camel trains, they were defınitely spiffıer than, say, your usual Motel 6.

Although people told us there was no was no defensive purpose to the Caravanserai, ıt was so heavıly fortıfıed that ıs very hard to belıeve. By now I know that iıt would be on a hiıll ıf they expected much trouble, I am stıll dubıous that it was all peace-love dove there. There had to be a least a touch of violence ın Pepperland, or at the very least some clan warfare and skirmıshes, and possibly some raids and thievery. It wasn't fortified for nothing.


Sleeping chambers off a central courtyard

This particular Caravanserai was built in 1231. None of the many tours people go on stop here because there isn't a lot of merch for sale (of which the tour operators usually get a cut...the reason we don't use guides of tours), or even a restaurant or anywhere to even get a chai or Turka Cola.
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Sunday, June 29, 2008

The Selime Monastery and the İlhara Gorge

OK....the internet here in our hotel is sketchy to say the least, complıcated by the Turkish keyboard, whıch ıs dıfferent enough that it took me half an hour to figure out whıch keys to hit to log in...


The İlhara Gorge
The Ilhara Gorge - The family hiked with our young friend Abdullah through the Ilhara gorge. My knee was killing me (since in remission...I thınk I torqued it ın that run of eıght mıle walkıng days up and down the steep steps and hılls of Istanbul...ıt seems good for more abuse now), so I waited for them at the end, where I wrote a poem (see: http://jackbrummet.blogspot.com/2008/06/poem-in-greme.html), drew two pictures, and drank three glasses of chai.
Claıre and Jack drinkıng chai on the creek at the end of the gorge
Inside the sanctuary

We also vısıted another church in the hills,(The Selime monastery). Yes, another cave church, but this was the most elaborate and complex of any we visited in Gorem (and we visited at least six or seven). The church itself was far more archıtectural and elaborate that the cruder ones we'd see hacked out of tufa ın the Underground City. The sanctuary was a very tall barrel vaulted structure with two domed apses on a T ın the front. The frescoes were again paınted by schooled artists, and the overall finish seemed to indicate that the people who buılt this ıntended ıt to be more permanent.


The outside of the Monastery

Claire and Abdullah ın a room ın a cave ın the monastery
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Saturday, June 28, 2008

The underground city

--as usual, click all photos to enlarge--


In one of the cave kitchens, four floors beneath the earth

We went on a long tour today, hitting at least five interesting geological, historical, and religious sites. The first stop was the underground city, an enormous cave of interconnecting rooms, four stories of which are open to the public for exploration and to give us all a serious case of the willies. It was fascinating. And spooky. The underground city reaches down nine stories into the earth...a puzzling labyrinth with hundreds of tunnels connecting rooms on each level. Each floor contained dwellings and various public rooms, churches, wineries, cooking caves, and stairways leading up or down to the next level.



A room three stories down -click to enlarge



A ventilator shaft that goes down nine stories

The entire time I was in the cave, I was a little nervous about earthquakes, the possibility of an entire busload of tourists panicking and heading for the exits (the tunnels and staircases are rarely wider than two and a half feet). And then, what if the lights went out?! Without a torch, could you ever possibly escape? Well, as you see, I was a nervous nellie, because we made it out after an hour...


a staircase leading down to the next floor


More tomorrow-- my travelling partners, aka family, promise to pull up their slack and write about some of the other sites we saw and adventures we had today (like an amazing cave church in a remote mountain; a hike along the gorge, and a visit to a caravansary. Tomorrow morning, we travel via bus to Ankara (the capitol) for one night, and then fly off to I forget where for the next leg of the trip. In closing let me say that one thing I've learned on this trip is the enormous difference between a vacation and travelling...I have yet to put my feet up and read the weighty Melville tome I brought along. That will happen later in the trip. I hope!

Jack with a bouquet of wildflowers and poppies he picked for Keelin at a crater lake
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